ICTACT Journal on Microelectronics

V. Soni ¹, G. Parmar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Modi Institute of Technology, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

An efficient architecture of Down Sampler Filter using Merged Delay Transformed Technique in terms of cost reduction and increase throughput has been proposed. The stability analysis of Merged Delay Transformed filters, finite word length effect on Transformed filters as well as conventional filters and peak error between the output from transformed IIR filters and from conventional filters have been investigated on the basis of commercially available software and mathematical calculations. The Butterworth, Chebyshev-1, Chebyshev-2 and Elliptic filters have been considered in this paper for the sake of comparison. The simulation results show that 84.59%, 73.56% and 50.83%&78.71%, 73.85% and 51.89% reduction in cost can be achieved with different specifications by using the proposed scheme when it is compared with conventional FIR filter, conventional IIR filter and conventional polyphase IIR filter, respectively. It has been elaborated that the stability of transformed IIR Decimation filters will not disturb as the Decimation Factor M increases. It is also shown that the transformed Elliptic filter is more stable and the transformed Chebyshev-2 filter is a marginally stable filter. The simulation results show that the peak error is in the range of 10^-10 to 10^-17 which increases with an increase in order of the filter. On the basis of simulation results and mathematical calculations, it is shown that the decomposition of higher order system into 1^st order and 2^nd order systems using parallel implementation architecture with Merged Delay Transform increases the processing rate of the filter and a reduction in the cost of implementation as well as peak error.

Keywords

Finite Word Length Effect, IIR Down Sampler Filter, Merged Delay Transformation, Stability.

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R. Bhatt ¹, G. Parmar ¹, R. Gupta ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, IN

Abstract

This paper elaborates the application of new nature inspired algorithm; ‘Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)’ in load frequency control of two area interconnected non-reheat thermal power plants. Two number of PID controllers have been considered in the investigated system and the parameters of the controllers have been tuned/optimized using WOA. The design problem has been formulated as the constrained optimization problem with upper and lower bounds of controller’s parameters. The integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) has been taken as an objective function in the present work. The parameters of controllers (K_P, K_I, K_D), minimum damping ratio (MDR), the values of performance indices (ITAE, ISTE, ISE, IAE), settling times and overshoots of Δf₁, Δf₂ and ΔP_Tie have also been evaluated for the system under investigation using WOA. The simulation results include the dynamic responses of Δf₁, Δf₂ and ΔP_Tie for different step load changes from 0.1p.u. to 0.5p.u in area 1 by keeping constant 0.1p.u. step load change in area 2. It has been observed that smooth and better dynamic responses with fewer oscillations, less settling times and less overshoots can be achieved for the system using WOA.

Keywords

Load Frequency Control (LFC), Two Area Interconnected Non Reheat Power System, PID Controllers, Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).

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